![]() ![]() 1 Peter 3 ( 1 Peter 3:18–19): "For Christ also suffered for sins once for all, the righteous for the unrighteous, in order to bring you to God.Colossians 1 ( Col 1:18): "He is the head of the body, the church he is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead, so that he might come to have first place in everything.". ![]() Ephesians 4 ( Eph 4:9): "In saying, 'he ascended', what does it mean but that he had also descended into the lower regions, the earth?".Acts 2 ( Acts 2:31): "Foreseeing this, David spoke of the resurrection of the Messiah, saying, 'He was not abandoned to Hades, nor did his flesh experience corruption'.".Acts 2 ( Acts 2:24): "But God raised him up, having freed him from death, because it was impossible for him to be held in its power.".Matthew 12 ( Matthew 12:40): "For just as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the sea monster, so for three days and three nights the Son of Man will be in the heart of the earth.".The Harrowing of Hell is mentioned or suggested by several verses in the New Testament: Scripture Christ's Descent into Limbo by Andrea Mantegna and studio, c. The term 'Harrowing of Hell' refers not merely to the idea that Jesus descended into Hell, as in the Creed, but to the rich tradition that developed later, asserting that he triumphed over inferos, releasing Hell's captives, particularly Adam and Eve, and the righteous men and women of the Old Testament period. The word "harrow" originally comes from the Old English hergian meaning "to harry or despoil", and is seen in the homilies of Aelfric, c. Some New Testament translations use the term "Hades" to refer to the abode or state of the dead to represent a neutral place where the dead awaited the death, burial, and resurrection of Jesus. In Classical mythology, Hades is the underworld inhabited by departed souls and the god Pluto is its ruler. The realm into which Jesus descended is called Hell, in long-established English usage, but is also called Sheol or Limbo by some Christian theologians to distinguish it from the Hell of the damned. ![]() The Greek τὰ κατώτατα ( ta katôtata, "the lowest") and the Latin inferos ("those below") may also be translated as " underworld", "netherworld", or "abode of the dead". The Greek wording in the Apostles' Creed is κατελθόντα εἰς τὰ κατώτατα ( katelthonta eis ta katôtata), and in Latin is descendit ad inferos. The New Testament maintains a distinction between Sheol, the common "place of the dead", and the eternal destiny of those condemned at the Final Judgment, variously described as Gehenna, "the outer darkness," or a lake of eternal fire. Several works from the Second Temple period elaborate the concept of Sheol, dividing it into sections based on the righteousness or unrighteousness of those who have died. The Old Testament view of the afterlife was that all people when they died, whether righteous or unrighteous, went to Sheol, a dark, still place. Main article: Afterlife § Abrahamic religions Īs a subject in Christian art, it is also known as the Anastasis ( Greek for "resurrection"), considered a creation of Byzantine culture and first appearing in the West in the early 8th century. Middle English dramatic literature contains the fullest and most dramatic development of the subject. 1000 AD, which is the first known inclusion of the word "harrowing". It is subsequently repeated in Ælfric of Eynsham's homilies c. The descent into Hell had been related in Old English poems connected with the names of Cædmon (e.g. Īccording to The Catholic Encyclopedia, the story first appears clearly in the Gospel of Nicodemus in the section called the Acts of Pilate, which also appears separately at earlier dates within the Acts of Peter and Paul. The Harrowing of Hell is commemorated in the liturgical calendar on Holy Saturday. These passages in the New Testament have given rise to differing interpretations. The Catechism of the Catholic Church notes Ephesians 4 ( Ephesians 4:9), which states that " descended into the lower parts of the earth", as also supporting this interpretation. His descent to the underworld is alluded to in the New Testament in 1 Peter 4 ( 1 Peter 4:6), which states that the "good tidings were proclaimed to the dead". Ĭhrist's descent into the world of the dead is referred to in the Apostles' Creed and the Athanasian Creed ( Quicumque vult), which state that he "descended into the underworld" ( descendit ad inferos), although neither mention that he liberated the dead. In triumphant descent, Christ brought salvation to the souls held captive there since the beginning of the world. In Christian theology, the Harrowing of Hell ( Latin: Descensus Christi ad Inferos, "the descent of Christ into Hell" or Hades) is an Old English and Middle English term referring to the period of time between the Crucifixion of Jesus and his resurrection. ![]()
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